This teaching session covers the methods for presenting results and synthesizing results when it may not be possible to use meta-analysis methods.

This session was last updated in 2022. While much of the core training is still relevant, trainers should check materials against the latest Cochrane Handbook and current editorial requirements.

Good news! We are currently refreshing all of our teaching sessions to ensure information is accurate, and to enhance ease of use and learning design (e.g. outcomes, interactivity, visuals etc). Watch out for updates to 'all teaching sessions', and email announcements from our Trainer's Network. 

Core training materials
	Presentation Analysing other outcomes and study designs Preview PDF | Download PowerPoint The presentation covers: introduction to other methods of synthesis reasons for not undertaking a meta-analysis of effect estimates structured summaries acceptable synthesis methods and accompanying visual displays what to include in the protocol and take home messages
	Activities For trainers   For learners Word Instructions for trainers   Word Exercise handout Word Exercise answer
Additional resources
	Online learning module Synthesis Without Meta-analysis (SWiM) reporting guideline
	Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Chapter 12: Synthesizing and presenting findings using other methods